IIID, Inc.
Identifying the TCR–peptide–HLA triplets involved in immune disease.
IIID, Inc. is a US company founded to develop applications arising from recent Keystone Epitope Theory discoveries, building on more than two decades of research into how HLA molecules shape antiviral immunity and drug hypersensitivity.
What is a TCR-peptide-HLA triplet
A T cell recognizes a peptide displayed by an HLA molecule through its T-cell receptor. We investigate which combinations contribute to tissue injury and how prior immune experience may shape their recognition. Candidate combinations must be tested for natural presentation in the affected tissue, T-cell activation, and relevant functional effects.
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T cell receptor
The receptor doing the recognizing.
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Peptide
The fragment being recognized.
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HLA
The molecule presenting it.
Research built across Australia and the United States
Our research program grew through clinical and academic collaboration in Western Australia, the establishment of IIID at Murdoch University, and subsequent work at Vanderbilt. Our investigators and their collaborators have studied how HLA molecules shape antiviral immunity and drug hypersensitivity for more than two decades. This work includes the 2002 HLA association with abacavir hypersensitivity, the 2008 PREDICT-1 screening trial, the 2012 structural and peptide-repertoire study of abacavir, and single-cell analysis of affected tissue in severe drug reactions in 2024. Keystone Epitope Theory brings these lines of investigation together in a testable framework linking persistent microbial exposure, immune memory, and tissue-specific disease.
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2002
Association between presence of HLA-B*5701, HLA-DR7, and HLA-DQ3 and hypersensitivity to HIV-1 reverse-transcriptase inhibitor abacavir
Mallal S, Nolan D, Witt C et al. Lancet 359(9308):727–32
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2008
HLA-B*5701 screening for hypersensitivity to abacavir
Mallal S, Phillips E, Carosi G et al. N Engl J Med 358(6):568–79
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2012
Drug hypersensitivity caused by alteration of the MHC-presented self-peptide repertoire
Ostrov DA, Grant BJ, Pompeu YA et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(25):9959–64
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2024
Multiomic single-cell sequencing defines tissue-specific responses in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
Gibson A, Ram R, Gangula R et al. Nat Commun 15(1):8722
Our history and the US company
The Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases at Murdoch University is part of our Australian academic research history. IIID Pty Ltd was its Australian commercial arm. IIID, Inc. is a separate US company founded to develop applications arising from recent Keystone Epitope Theory discoveries. The company builds on the investigators' longstanding research experience in Australia and the United States.
- 2000 CCIBS established through collaboration between Murdoch University and Royal Perth Hospital.
- 2006 The Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases formally established at Murdoch University.
- 2013 Vanderbilt recruited Simon Mallal and Elizabeth Phillips, extending the research program in the United States.
- 2026 Two reviews set out Keystone Epitope Theory and its proposed clinical and ecological implications.
Historical introduction to the Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases in Perth, published in 2012. This video documents the academic institute and its facilities at that time.
Watch the historical institute introduction Historical IIID YouTube channel
- Application areas
- Drug hypersensitivity, autoimmunity, transplantation, vaccine design.
- Contact
- mail@iiid.us
- Entity
- IIID, Inc. is a Delaware corporation.
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